There are approximately 4000 different minerals, and each of those minerals has a unique set of physical properties. These include: color, streak, hardness, luster, diaphaneity, specific gravity, cleavage, fracture, magnetism, solubility, and many more. These physical properties are useful for identifying minerals. However, they are much more important in determining the potential industrial uses of the mineral. Let’s consider a few examples.

The mineral talc, when ground into a powder, is perfectly suited for use as a foot powder. It is a soft, slippery powder so it will not cause abrasion. It has the ability to absorb moisture, oils, and odor. It adheres to the skin and produces an astringent effect – yet it washes off easily. No other mineral has a set of physical properties that are as suitable for this purpose.

The mineral halite, when crushed into small grains, is perfectly suited for flavoring food. It has a salty taste that most people find pleasing. It dissolves quickly and easily, allowing its flavor to spread through the food. It is soft, so if some does not dissolve it will not damage your teeth. No other mineral has physical properties that are better suited for this use.

The mineral gold is perfectly suited for use in jewelry. It can be easily shaped into a custom item of jewelry by a craftsperson. It has a pleasing yellow color that most people enjoy. It has a bright luster that does not tarnish. Its high specific gravity gives it a nice “heft” that is preferred by most people over lighter metals. Other metals can be used to make jewelry, but these properties make gold an overwhelming favorite. (Some people might add that gold’s rarity and value are two additional properties that make it desirable for jewelry. However, rarity is not a property, and its value is determined by supply and demand.)